Co-Located Active Steering Antennas Configured For Band Switching, Impedance Matching And Unit Selectivity

ABSTRACT

An antenna system includes collocated active steering antennas implemented in a bottom portion of a wireless communication device designed for positioning near a user&#39;s mouth or chin. The co-located active steering antennas are each configured to steer a radiation pattern of the respective antenna, and can be further configured for active band switching and/or active impedance matching. These co-located active steering antennas can be used independently, or in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration. In addition, the antenna system is capable of antenna unit selectivity, which includes the ability to select one of the co-located antennas with the lowest head and hand loss for use, while disabling the antenna with the highest loss attributed to hand head loading.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit of priority with U.S. Ser. No. 62/196,794, filed Jul. 24, 2016; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND Field of the Invention

This invention relates to antenna systems for wireless communication; and more particularly, to an antenna system including co-located active steering antennas configured for, null steering, band switching, impedance matching, and unit selectivity (swoop).

Description of the Related Art

With the advent of modem smart phone and similar wireless technologies, there is an ongoing need for antennas and antenna systems capable of providing improved connectivity and communication system performance.

Conventional passive antennas are currently being replaced with modern active antenna systems for use in modern wireless communication devices. Active antennas generally include active components, such as tunable capacitors, phase shifters, switches and the like. The active antenna system is generally capable of reconfiguring one or more of the active components to achieve a desired state or configuration of the active antenna.

Active antennas include any of: active band switching antennas configured to vary a frequency response of the antenna; active null steering antennas configured to vary a radiation pattern of the antenna for steering a radiation pattern null in an intended direction, for example, toward an interferer; active beam steering antennas, which are similar to null steering antennas, but configured to vary a radiation pattern of the antenna for steering a gain maxima in the direction of a base transceiver station, access point or other external transceiver; and active impedance matching antennas configured to vary a matching circuit for matching the antenna to the RF front end.

While active antennas are gaining popularity among wireless device manufacturers, there remain a number of problems for which improvement is continually desired. First, body loading effects on the antenna system generally cause the antenna to detune out of intended bands. Body loading can take the form of (i) “hand-loading”, where the hand used to hold the phone forms a coupling with the antenna system of the device, causing the antenna to detune; or (ii) “head-loading”, where the head of a user forms a coupling with the antenna system of the device causing the antenna to detune, among other device use-cases. In general, the degree of antenna system detuning increases with the proximity with and corresponding load induced by the user's body on the antenna system.

Active null steering antennas and active beam steering antennas, collectively referred to herein as “active steering antennas”, are described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,911,402; U.S. Pat. No. 8,362,962; U.S. Pat. No. 8,648,755; each titled “ANTENNA AND METHOD FOR STEERING ANTENNA BEAM DIRECTION”; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Active band switching antennas are described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 7,830,320; U.S. Pat. No. 8,077,116; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,717,241; each titled “ANTENNA WITH ACTIVE ELEMENTS”; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Active impedance matching antennas are described in commonly owned US 2014/0306859, Published Oct. 16, 2014, and titled “ACTIVE ANTENNA ADAPTED FOR IMPEDANCE MATCHING AND BAND SWITCHING USING A SHARED COMPONENT”; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Although the above referenced patents provide antennas having a significant advancement in the art, there remains a continued need for improved active antenna technologies. Moreover, as the wireless communications industry advances toward LTE-advanced carrier aggregation, there will be a need for antenna systems capable of servicing carrier aggregation requirements.

SUMMARY

A novel antenna system is proposed, the system includes co-located active steering antennas implemented in a bottom portion of a wireless communication device designed for positioning near a user's mouth or chin. The co-located active steering antennas are each configured to steer a radiation pattern of the respective antenna, and can be further configured for active band switching and/or active impedance matching. These co-located active steering antennas can be used independently, or in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration. In addition, the antenna system is capable of antenna unit selectivity, which includes the ability to select one of the co-located antennas with the lowest head and hand loss for use, while disabling the antenna with the highest loss attributed to hand/head loading. Other features and advantages will be apparent to those having skill in the art upon review of the appended detailed descript ion and the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas positioned near a bottom portion of the device, the antennas are configured for servicing LTE-advanced carrier aggregation requirements.

FIG. 2 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas positioned near a bottom portion of the device, the antennas are coupled to tuning circuits for providing active hand switching and active steering.

FIG. 3 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas positioned near a bottom portion of the device, the antennas are coupled to tuning circuits for providing active band switching and active steering, and the antennas are further coupled to impedance matching circuits for matching the antenna with the RF front end.

FIG. 4 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas positioned near a bottom portion of the device, the antennas are coupled to tuning circuits and configured for active band switching and active steering, and the antennas are further coupled to a switch configured to provide active unit selectivity (swoop).

FIG. 5 shows a wireless communication device with co-located active steering antennas positioned near a bottom portion of the device, and further illustrates hand loss attributed to the device in the left-hand-held use case.

FIG. 6 shows an example of antenna structures of the co-located antennas in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 7 shows an example implementation of the antenna system having co-located active steering antennas, and the respective antenna modes for each tuner of the antenna system.

FIG. 8 shows a table illustrating the various tuning module modes, frequency bands achieved, and the corresponding active load on the parasitic element of the respective antenna coupled to the tuning module.

FIG. 9 shows an example implementation of the antenna system having co-located active steering antennas in accordance with another embodiment.

FIG. 10 shows an example implementation of the antenna system having co-located active steering antennas in accordance with yet another embodiment.

FIG. 11 shows an example of antenna structures of the co-located antennas in accordance with another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An antenna system includes co-located active steering antennas each being configured for radiation pattern steering, and further configured for one or more of: active band switching, active impedance matching, and unit selectivity (swoop). The term “swoop” is used to describe the ability to select one antenna, from a plurality antennas, that achieves an optimum characteristic, such as the lowest loss attributed to hand and head loading.

Active band switching provides the ability to vary one or more antenna characteristics to achieve frequency tuning, wherein the frequency response of the antenna is tuned to an intended resonance or hand. In one example, an active tuning component, such as a tunable capacitor, tunable inductor, switch, or other active tuning component, is coupled to a parasitic conductor element of the antenna system. The parasitic element is positioned in proximity with an antenna radiating element and between the antenna radiating element and ground plane, resulting in a frequency coupling between the parasitic element and the radiating element. The active tuning component is adjusted to achieve a tuning state of the parasitic conductor element coupled therewith. By varying a tuning state of the active tuning component and parasitic conductor element combination, one or more resonances of the antenna can be adjusted.

Active null steering and active beam steering are accomplished in a similar manner but with one or more parasitic elements positioned outside of a volume created between the antenna radiating element and ground plane. The parasitic elements being positioned outside of the antenna volume provide an influence on the antenna radiation pattern resulting in a shift or rotation thereof; hence the active steering.

In certain embodiments, a plurality of parasitic conductor elements are positioned near the radiating element and each parasitic conductor element is coupled to an active tuning component for adjusting a tuning state thereof.

In other embodiments, a tuning module includes a plurality of active tuning components each with a distinct port, the module is then coupled to a plurality of parasitic elements with one parasitic coupled at each respective port, effectively providing a module with a plurality of active tuning components each being coupled to one of the plurality of parasitic elements.

One unique function of the antenna system includes an ability to tune the low frequency hand independently from high bands. This ability to independently tune low frequency bands while preserving high bands is useful for servicing requirements of LIE advanced carrier integration.

Active impedance matching includes the use of active tuning components or active matching circuits for dynamically matching the antenna and the RF front end. In this regard, the power transfer between the RF front end and the antenna can be maximized. Control signals are communicated to the active tuning components or active matching circuits for tuning the impedance of the antenna system.

Unit selectivity is a technique wherein one of the co-located antennas is selected for operation based on hand/head loss characteristics. Since the antenna system includes co-located active steering antennas, each antenna will have an independent loading based on the orientation of the device against the user's hand/head, or the “use case” of the device. The system is configured to select one of the co-located antennas with the minimum hand-head loss for transmission/reception.

In the instant disclosure, an active antenna solution provides an antenna system configured to support one or more of: active steering, active band switching, active impedance matching, and active unit selectivity or “swoop”. The antenna system includes co-located active steering antennas positioned on one side of a wireless communication device, preferably the bottom side.

In one embodiment, the primary functions of the antenna system include active band switching and active steering. Active band switching can provide independent low frequency band tuning while preserving the high bands for carrier aggregation. Active steering can provide multiple radiation patterns, and can be implemented with an algorithm for predictive modal cognitive diversity as disclosed in commonly owned US 2013/0189928, Published Jul. 25, 2013, and titled “MODAL COGNITIVE DIVERSITY FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION MIMO SYSTEMS”; and US 2014/0162566, Published Jun. 12, 2014, and titled “MODAL COGNITIVE DIVERSITY FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS”; the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

In other embodiments, one or both of active impedance matching and swoop technologies can be further implemented. Active impedance matching can be provided to maximize power transfer between the RF from end and the antenna. Swoop technology utilizes the bottom portion co-located antennas for minimizing the head and hand losses.

Furthermore, the antennas can be configured with multiple band resonances in consideration of LTE-advanced carrier aggregation requirements. In carrier aggregation two or more carriers, meaning frequency band can be aggregated in order to enlarge the overall available bandwidth for the services. These frequency bands can be combined in various ways such as intraband contiguous, intraband non-contiguous and interband aggregation. Interband carrier aggregation has led to a high amount of different band combinations that are in demand by network operators worldwide based on the frequency blocks they are licensing. It is therefore required for an active multi band antenna system when being combined with a tuner to be able to actively tune one frequency band, such as the Low frequency band, without affecting other bands such as Mid or High bands, in order to maintain the carrier aggregation capability. This capability is supported by the antenna system described herein

Now turning to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas (Antenna 1; Antenna 2) positioned near a bottom portion of the device. Each of the antennas comprises an active steering antenna having a radiating element and one or more parasitic elements positioned adjacent to the radiating element. Each antenna has a parasitic feed (Parasitic feed 1; Parasitic feed 2) and an antenna feed (Antenna feed 1; Antenna feed 2), respectively. The feeds are coupled to various RF inputs as shown. The antennas are capable of low hand (LB) resonances. for example 698 MHz-964 MHz, mid band (MB) resonances, for example 1720 MHz-2160 MHz, and high band (HB) resonances, for example 2300 MHz-2700 MHz, and is therefore compatible with LTE-advanced carrier aggregation requirements.

FIG. 2 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas (Antenna 1; Antenna 2) positioned near a bottom portion of the device, the parasitic elements of the co-located antennas are coupled to tuning circuits (Tuner Circuit 1; Tuner Circuit 2, respectively) at the parasitic feeds (Parasitic feed 1; Parasitic feed 2) for providing active band switching and active steering. Each tuning circuit includes a single chipset module for providing each of the active low band switching and active steering. The antenna provides a parasitic conductor element that is configured to adjust the low band (LB) response of the antenna while preserving the high band (HB) response.

FIG. 3 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas (Antenna 1; Antenna 2) positioned near a bottom portion of the device, the parasitic elements of the antennas are coupled to tuning circuits (Tuner Circuit 1; Tuner Circuit 2, respectively) at the parasitic feeds (Parasitic feed 1; Parasitic feed 2) for providing active band switching and active steering, and the antennas are coupled to impedance matching circuits (Tuner Circuit 3; Tuner Circuit 4, respectively) for matching the antenna with the RF front end. The impedance matching circuits can be used to improve the impedance matching between the front end and the antenna, maximizing the power transferred to the antenna (or received from the antenna when the antenna is detuned by its environment; Hand, head, etc . . . ).

FIG. 4 shows a wireless communication device oriented upside-down; the device includes co-located active steering antennas (Antenna 1; Antenna 2) positioned near a bottom portion of the device, the parasitic elements of the antennas are coupled to tuning circuits (Tuner Circuit 1; Tuner Circuit 2, respectively) at the parasitic feeds (Parasitic feed 1; Parasitic feed 2) for active band switching and active steering, and the antennas are further coupled to a switch (Switch) at the antenna feeds (Antenna feed 1; Antenna feed 2) configured to provide active unit selectivity, or “swoop”. The switch can comprise a double-pole, double-throw (DPDT) switch, or any other similar switch or switching circuit.

FIG. 5 shows a wireless communication device with co-located active steering antennas positioned near a bottom portion of the device, and further illustrates the problem of hand loss attributed to the device in the left-hand-held use case. Antenna 1 and Antenna 2 will experience distinct loading from the left hand as shown. Consider the device held in a right hand of a user, the loading would be differentiated from the illustrated example. Furthermore, whether the device is held against a right-side or left-side of a user's head will impact the loading on each of the antennas. The active unit selectivity, or “swoop” technology, provides a mechanism for sampling the detuning effects from the use-case of the device and to reconfigure the antenna system to utilize one of the antennas having less loss attributed to hand and head loading as the primary antenna of the device. As the use case changes, for example the phone is changed from left-hand-held to right-hand-held, the antenna system can utilize the swoop technology to reconfigure to select the optimal primary antenna. This can be achieved by comparing the SINR between the two antennas, or using any other sensor/accelerometer to detect the way the user is using the phone. Moreover, the antenna having the more important free space can help to reduce the head and/or hand losses coming from the tissue absorption.

FIG. 6 shows an example of antenna structures of the co-located antennas in accordance with an embodiment. In the illustrated example, the first antenna (Antenna 1) includes a radiating element (Radiating Element 1) with an antenna feed port, and a parasitic conductor element (Parasitic Conductor Element 1) coupled to an active component (Active Component 1). The parasitic conductor element forms an annular structure around the radiating element and further includes a resonant portion (Conductor Arm 1) disposed adjacent to the antenna radiator as-illustrated. The second antenna (Antenna 2) is similar to the first antenna but a mirror opposite. The second antenna (Antenna 2) includes a second radiating element (Radiating Element 2), a second resonant portion (Conductor Arm 2), and a second parasitic conductor element (Parasitic Conductor Element 2). A metal ring (MR) surrounds the device. A first terminal end (TE1) of the metal ring is disposed adjacent to the first antenna radiating element (Radiating Element 1). A second terminal end (TE2) of the metal ring is disposed adjacent to the second antenna radiating element (Radiating Element 2). The terminal ends of the metal ring are each disposed adjacent to one of the parasitic elements, forming a pair of side-slots, one on each side of the device. A neutralization line extends beneath the first and second antennas. Ground points are further indicated in the illustration. Although FIG. 6 shows an illustrative example of the co-located antennas for use with the invention, the illustrated structure can be modified in various ways to configure the antenna response. Thus, this invention is not limited to the illustrated structure and such is being provided only for illustrative purposes.

FIG. 7 shows an example implementation of the antenna system having co-located active steering antennas, and the respective antenna modes for each tuner of the antenna system. A first active steering antenna (Antenna 1) comprises a first antenna feed (Antenna feed 1) and a first parasitic feed (Parasitic feed 1). A second active steering antenna (Antenna 2) comprises a second antenna feed (Antenna feed 2) and a second parasitic feed (Parasitic feed 2). Each of the co-located active steering antennas is positioned near a bottom of the device. A first tuning circuit (Tuner Circuit 1), or module, is coupled to the first parasitic feed. A second tuning circuit (Tuner Circuit 2), or module, is coupled to the second parasitic feed. Each tuning circuit, or module, is configured to provide at least seven unique modes as-illustrated. In each mode the low band is tuned to a desired resonance, or an active steering is implemented.

FIG. 8 shows a table illustrating the various tuning module modes (Tuner Mode 1 thru 7), frequency bands achieved (LB Band Covered), and the corresponding active load on the parasitic element (Load of the parasitic) of the respective antenna coupled to the tuning module. The table illustrates a plurality of band switching modes and a plurality of active steering modes (null/beam steering). For each mode a tuning state of the active tuning components of the module is indicated (for example, GND or 18 pF), and a corresponding band is the result of the antenna when the active tuning component is configured in each tuning slate. Also indicated is that the 1.7 GHZ-2.17 GHZ and the 2.5 GHz-2.7 GHz bands (MB and HB) are covered in all tuning modes. Depending of the antenna design, also other load types than capacitance and ground connection, such as inductance and open circuit, or the combinations of both or all of them can be used for the band switching purpose.

FIG. 9 shows an example implementation of the antenna system having co-located active steering antennas in accordance with another embodiment. Here, a first antenna (Antenna 1) is positioned near a bottom of the phone and to a first side (left side considering the orientation of the phone as depicted). A second antenna (Antenna 3) is positioned near the top of the phone and also to the first side. A first tuning circuit (Tuner Circuit 1) is coupled to the first antenna at a first parasitic feed thereof (Parasitic Feed 1), and Tuner Circuit 2 is coupled to the second antenna at the second parasitic feed (Parasitic Feed 2). The first and second antennas are shown having respective antenna feeds (Antenna feed 1; Antenna feed). Note that the co-located antennas can be positioned on a common side along a length of the wireless device, in contrast to the previous embodiment of FIG. 7 where the antennas are shown being co-located at a bottom of the device.

FIG. 10 shows an example implementation of the antenna system having co-located active steering antennas in accordance with yet another embodiment. Here, three antennas are illustrated, two of the antennas (Antenna 1; Antenna 2) are co-located at a bottom side of the device. In addition, two of the antennas (Antenna 1; Antenna 3) are co-located at a side of the device along a length thereof. Each antenna is shown with a distinct antenna feed (Antenna feed 1; Antenna feed 2; Antenna feed 3); a distinct parasitic feed (Parasitic feed 1; Parasitic feed 2; Parasitic feed 3); and a distinct tuning circuit (Tuner Circuit 1; Tuner Circuit 2; Tuner Circuit 3).

FIG. 11 shows an example of antenna structures of the co-located antennas in accordance with another embodiment. Here, a tuner circuit is coupled to the neutralization line as shown.

Accordingly, co-located active steering antennas can be implemented in the bottom portion, or a side portion, of a wireless communication device to provide up to several functions, such as active steering, active band switching, active impedance matching, and active unit selectivity (swoop). 

1-17. (canceled)
 18. An antenna system for a wireless communication device, the antenna system comprising: a first active antenna configured for band switching or radiation pattern steering; a second active antenna configured for band switching or radiation pattern steering; wherein the first and second active antennas are co-located on a common side of the wireless communication device; wherein each of the first and second active antennas is coupled to a switch, the switch configured to selectively couple one or more antenna feeds to one of the first and second active antennas to select one of the first and second active antennas for use as a primary antenna of the antenna system based at least in part on a position of the wireless communication device relative to a head or to a hand.
 19. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the antenna system comprises a metal ring configured about a perimeter of the device and having first terminal end and a second terminal end, each of the first and second terminal ends positioned adjacent to one of the first and second active antennas, respectively.
 20. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the first and second active antennas are co-located on a bottom portion of the wireless communication device.
 21. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the first active antenna comprises: a first radiating element coupled to a first antenna feed; a first parasitic element coupled to a first parasitic feed; a first active tuning element coupled to the first parasitic feed.
 22. The antenna system of claim 21, wherein the first active tuning element comprises one or more of a switch, tunable capacitor, tunable inductor, or tunable phase shifter.
 23. The antenna system of claim 21, wherein the second active antenna comprises: a second radiating element coupled to a second antenna feed; a second parasitic element coupled to a second parasitic feed; a second active tuning element coupled to the second parasitic feed.
 24. The antenna system of claim 23, wherein the second active tuning element comprises one or more of a switch, tunable capacitor, tunable inductor, or tunable phase shifter.
 25. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein at least one of the first active antenna and the second active antenna is coupled to a matching circuit.
 26. The antenna system of claim 21, wherein the first parasitic element forms an annular structure at least partially around the first radiating element.
 27. The antenna system of claim 23, wherein the second parasitic element forms an annular structure at least partially around the second radiating element.
 28. The antenna system of claim 18, wherein the switch is configured to selectively couple one or more antenna feeds to one of the first and second active antennas to select one of the first and second active antennas for use as a primary antenna of the antenna system based at least in part on a position of the wireless communication device relative to a head or to a hand by comparing signal to noise ratio between the first active antenna and the second active antenna.
 29. The antenna system of claim 18, the switch is configured to selectively couple one or more antenna feeds to one of the first and second active antennas to select one of the first and second active antennas for use as a primary antenna of the antenna system based at least in part on a position of the wireless communication device relative to a head or to a hand by using a sensor to detect a way a user is using the wireless communication device.
 30. The antenna system of claim 29, wherein the sensor comprises an accelerometer. 